Assessment Artical

What is formative and summative assessment?

Formative assessment refers to measurements and conclusions that are made during the course of a learning program. It's intended to determine whether or not an existing program is satisfactory or needs to be modified in some way shape or form before it's complete.
Summative assessment refers to measurements made at the end of a learning unit or learning program. They results in final judgments about the achievement of the learners and the effectiveness of learning activities.

What is the difference between Criterion, Norm and self-referenced Interpretations?

Criterion referenced assessments are intended to determine whether or not a learner has achieved an objectively set level of competence, AKA the preferred method. Norm referenced assessments are normally selected when learners are studying material for which there is no agreement on what a person must know. Self referenced assessments are used when the learning goals are personal.

What is self-directed learning?

Self-directed learning are learners who prefer learning contracts where they can choose both the learning and the assessment activities. They want feedback on how successfully they have integrated alternatives perspectives into there work. They also see educators as colleagues rather than an authority figure, their preference is for self-referenced assessments and/or critiques from two or more peers at both the formative and summative levels.